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1 Persian Rugs
These are the finest among Oriental rugs and are made of silk, cotton or wool. The warp is mostly cotton, with a short, close, velvet-like pile of silk or wool. Colours are very soft and lustrous, in designs of floral and animal patterns. Usually oblong shape. There are no undecorated spaces of plain colour. The borders are characteristic Persian ornament and the Herati design is a favourite centre motif as well as the " Pear." The use of a cotton warp is distinctive, since nearly all other Eastern rugs have wool (see Rug Designs) -
2 Persian Knot
One of the two knots in which the pile is tied in hand-made Oriental rugs and carpets. A loop is formed around the warp thread and is tightened by being pulled, thus the pile is placed between all warp threads. Also called senna knot. -
3 Senna Rugs
Persian rugs of distinctive character. The design is always the " Herati " and "Pear." The rugs are well woven. Borders are usually three stripes of simple floral effects. The nap is short and the rugs are the thinnest in texture of the Persian group. Fine cotton weft crosses only once between each row of " Senna knots." There are from 400 to 700 knots per square inch. The wool pile is close trimmed. -
4 Dehbid Rugs
Hand-woven Persian rugs. All wool yarns and closely knotted. They are very similar to Kermanshaw rugs but of a lower quality. -
5 Herez Rugs
Fine Persian rugs made with cotton foundation and close wool pile tied in the Ghiordes knot. The design is usually a centre medallion with straight outlines and floral patterns in blue and red. The border is in a light colour. These rugs are very similar to Gorevan differing in the design motif for the medallion centre. -
6 Khorassan Rugs
Medium and large size Persian rugs made of the Khorassan wool. The close and long fine wool pile is used in Senna knot. The pile is clipped to give an uneven surface. Magenta and blue colours predominate. Designs are usually composed of fish or palm effects. The palm leaf design is usually a small leaf in a larger one. Borders are trailing palm leaves. The rugs are of good quality. There are two picks between each row of tufts, and at intervals three or five picks. -
7 Bijar Rugs
All-wool Persian rugs, of a stout coarse weave, in Ghiordes knot with the "buried thread" warp system. The colours are chiefly reds and blues -which are usually massed. The patterns are somewhat indistinct, the borders are simple and usually of three-stripes only. Wool warp and weft, and a pile of wool. -
8 Djule Rugs
Knitted Persian rugs of wool, with long-haired back. -
9 Feraghan Rugs
Small Persian rugs, woven from all cotton warp and a short wool pile tied, in "Sehna knot," the weave is of coarse texture. The " Herati " design is the chief feature of the field and the border usually has the so-called " Turtle " trail pattern. Colours are dark blue ground with rose-pink designs. The borders usually have seven stripes, the main one the turtle trail, and saw-tooth and other stripes on a grass-green ground. There are two picks between each row of knots and the pile is very silky and lustrous. -
10 Gorevan Rugs
Fine Persian rugs of carpet size, made with cotton warp, the close wool pile is tied with the Ghiordes knot. The design is usually of central medallions in concentric diamond shapes, and the " Turtle " pattern in the border. Colours tare shades of terra-cotta, apricot and blue. -
11 Hamadan Rugs
Persian rugs made of cotton foundation and a close wool pile tied with the Ghiordes knot. The pile yarn is largely composed of camel's hair with a little wool. The design consists of a centre medallion and corner spaces on a field of yellow or brown ground, together with floral patterns in blue and red. These carpets were so wonderful in quality and design that they were not laid on the floor, but hung up in galleries. There is only a single coarse cotton thread between each row of tufts or knots. -
12 Kashan Rugs
Persian rugs of very fine grain and closeness of texture and a notably short and velvety pile. The patterns are flowers in rows or on graceful curling stems with foliage. Usually there is a diamond-shaped medallion centrepiece. The borders are elaborate and frequently have as many as seven stripes. Cotton warp and dyed blue weft. There are two picks between each row of the wool tufts which are tied in " Senna knots." The colouring is dark and sombre, but rich. -
13 Khabbikutah Rugs
A collective name for various nondescript, short pile, knotted Persian rugs. -
14 Meshhed Rugs
All-wool Persian rugs with fairly long, silky pile, tied in Ghiordes knot. The design has usually very large palm leaves placed diagonally and also animal forms with elaborate borders of five or more stripes. The designs are always large. The colours are light tones of pink, blue and ivory. Cotton warp and wool weft and pile. The weft crosses twice between each row of tufts. -
15 Sarak Rugs
Heavy, all-wool Persian rugs with the wool knots tied in the Senna knot. The pile is long and close. Designs are of floral surround to a medallion centre in rich reds and blues. -
16 Sultanabad Rugs
Persian rugs made with a thick pile in floral designs and brilliant blue, red and green colours. There are several qualities and both eastern and western styles of ornament are woven. -
17 Tabriz Rugs
Large size Persian rugs with cotton warp and short very close wool pile tied in Ghiordes knot. The favourite design is a large centre medallion with curved outlines and fine floral and animal designs. The borders are in small medallions with inscriptions. Wool weft either undyed or dyed pink, crosses twice between each row of tufts. -
18 Tcharhad Rugs
Small square hand knotted Persian rugs. Usually made of wool yarn all through. -
19 Prayer Rugs
Oriental rugs, usually of small size; used by Moslems to kneel on when praying. The chief characteristic is the representation of a niche or arched doorway at one end, sometimes with the tree of life or a lamp hanging from the middle. Occasionally there are only three medallions, two for the knees and one for the head. Prayer rugs are called Sujjadah or musalla in Arabic, and Jainamaz in Persian, the latter rugs being about five feet long, the arch is called giblah. -
20 Shiraz Rugs
Persian hand-made rugs, all wool and in all sizes. The designs are varied, but the " pear " (see Rugs) is the commonest with the " comb " and " octagon " frequently used. Borders have five or more stripes, the warp is all wool, the weft is pink dyed wool and crosses twice between each row of tufts which are tied in Ghiordes or Senna knots. The ends are fringed and coloured, and sides are " double-overcasted " in different coloured yarns.
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